Diversity and occurrence of mycoflora associated with dried Fenneropenaeus indicus (Prawns) marketed in Jammu, UT of Jammu and Kashmir.

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the diversity and occurrence of mycoflora associated with dried prawns (Fenneropenaeus indicus) marketed in Jammu during 2024–2025. A total of 21 fungal species belonging to 13 genera were isolated and identified from samples collected from different markets. The dominant genera recorded were Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhizopus. Among the identified species, Aspergillus niger showed the highest frequency (12.22%), followed by Aspergillus fumigatus and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Several fungal species including Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, and Rhizopus stolonifer were present throughout the year, indicating their wide distribution in dried prawn samples, while some species showed seasonal variation. The occurrence of potential mycotoxin-producing fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium species suggests a possible risk of mycotoxin contamination in dried seafood products. These findings strongly emphasize the need for improved drying techniques, proper storage under low humidity, hygienic handling during processing and marketing, and the use of appropriate packaging materials to reduce fungal contamination. Regular monitoring of fungal contamination and possible mycotoxin levels by food safety authorities is highly recommended to ensure consumer safety. In addition, awareness and training programs for fish vendors and processors on hygienic handling, proper drying, and safe storage practices should be implemented, while future studies focusing on the detection and quantification of mycotoxins in dried seafood products are essential to better assess potential public health risks.